Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases: important signaling.
Cyclic nucleotide second messengers (cAMP and cGMP) play a central role in signal transduction and regulation of physiologic responses. Their intracellular levels are controlled by the complex superfamily of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes.
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) catalyze the hydrolytic destruction of the intracellular second messengers, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), to produce 5’-AMP and 5’-GMP, respectively.
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Cyclic Nucleotide Compartmentalization: Contributions of Phosphodiesterases and ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters Satish Cheepala, 1 Jean-Sebastien Hulot, 2 Jessica A. Morgan, 1 Yassine Sassi, 2 Weiqiang Zhang, 3 Anjaparavanda P. Naren, 3 and John D. Schuetz 1.
The cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases comprise a group of enzymes that degrade the phosphodiester bond in the second messenger molecules cAMP and cGMP. They regulate the localization, duration, and amplitude of cyclic nucleotide signaling within subcellular domains.
A cyclic nucleotide (cNMP) is a single-phosphate nucleotide with a cyclic bond arrangement between the sugar and phosphate groups. Like other nucleotides, cyclic nucleotides are composed of three functional groups: a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a single phosphate group.As can be seen in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) images, the 'cyclic.
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: functional implications of multiple isoforms. Beavo JA(1). Author information: (1)Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA. In the last few years there has been a veritable explosion of knowledge about cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases.
Classification and structural biology. The current classification scheme for cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases is shown in Table 1. This classification encompasses seven distinct families, differentiated on the basis of substrate specificity and sensitivity to endogenous and exogenous regulators 10, 11.
Although cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) were described soon after the discovery of cAMP, their complexity and functions in signaling is only recently beginning to become fully realized. We now know that at least 100 different PDE proteins degrade cAMP and cGMP in eukaryotes.
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs), through degradation of cyclic nucleotides, play critical roles in cardiovascular biology and disease. Our preliminary screening studies have revealed PDE10A upregulation in the diseased heart. However, the roles of PDE10A in cardiovascular biology and disease are largely uncharacterized.
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) degrade the second messengers cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), thereby regulating multiple aspects of cardiac and vascular muscle functions.
